| This was one of the main objectives of the ANICE project to improve transport-chemistry models that estimate nitrogen deposition to the sea. Of particular emphasis within ANICE is the influence of coastal zone processes. Both short lived extreme events and chronic nitrogen input are considered in the project.
ANICE focuses on quantifying the deposition of atmospheric inputs of nitrogen compounds (HNO3, NO3- , NH3 and NH4+) into the sea, both near the coast and in open water, and the governing processes.
Experimental and modelling work was conducted to investigate the processes involved in the chemical transformation, transport and deposition of atmospheric nitrogen compounds. Long-term observational programmes using scientific equipment mounted on commercial ferries were complemented by two intensive field experiments that focused on process studies.
Intensive campaigns were designed to study relevant processes to the coastal system that should be included in the models, whereas long-term monitoring from ferries provided data from the open North Sea .
The dual scale in the observations was paralleled with the use of two atmospheric chemistry transport models: ACDEP for the calculation of atmospheric inputs of nitrogen to the whole North Sea, integrated over periods varying from 6 hours to a year; METRAS to calculate the atmospheric nitrogen input to coastal waters with a high resolution in space (down to 100 metres) and time (to minutes). | 
